Why www is used in internet

They can easily find the information requested by users and can even provide other relevant information that might interest users. Now, we have understood that WWW is a collection of websites connected to the internet so that people can search and share information.

Now, let us understand how it works! The Web works as per the internet's basic client-server format as shown in the following image. The servers store and transfer web pages or information to user's computers on the network when requested by the users. A web server is a software program which serves the web pages requested by web users using a browser.

The computer of a user who requests documents from a server is known as a client. Browser, which is installed on the user' computer, allows users to view the retrieved documents. All the websites are stored in web servers. Just as someone lives on rent in a house, a website occupies a space in a server and remains stored in it.

The server hosts the website whenever a user requests its WebPages, and the website owner has to pay the hosting price for the same. There are three main technologies involved in transferring information web pages from servers to clients computers of users. HTML is a standard markup language which is used for creating web pages.

It describes the structure of web pages through HTML elements or tags. These tags are used to organize the pieces of content such as 'heading,' 'paragraph,' 'table,' 'Image,' and more. You don't see HTML tags when you open a webpage as browsers don't display the tags and use them only to render the content of a web page. A web browser, which is commonly known as a browser, is a program that displays text, data, pictures, videos, animation, and more.

It provides a software interface that allows you to click hyperlinked resources on the World Wide Web. When you double click the Browser icon installed on your computer to launch it, you get connected to the World Wide Web and can search Google or type a URL into the address bar. In the beginning, browsers were used only for browsing due to their limited potential. Today, they are more advanced; along with browsing you can use them for e-mailing, transferring multimedia files, using social media sites, and participating in online discussion groups and more.

It is based on a client-server model. The client is a web browser which communicates with the web server which hosts the website. This protocol defines how messages are formatted and transmitted and what actions the Web Server and browser should take in response to different commands.

When we open a website using a browser, a connection to the web server is opened, and the browser communicates with the server through HTTP and sends a request. The server processes the browser's request and sends a response, and then the connection is closed.

Thus, the browser retrieves content from the server for the user. JavaTpoint offers too many high quality services. Mail us on [email protected] , to get more information about given services. Please mail your requirement at [email protected] Duration: 1 week to 2 week. SEO Tutorial. Reinforcement Learning. R Programming. React Native. Python Design Patterns. Python Pillow. Python Turtle. Verbal Ability. Interview Questions. Company Questions. Artificial Intelligence.

From a Unix prompt, type traceroute www. Like ping, you may also enter IP addresses instead of domain names. Traceroute will print out a list of all the routers, computers, and any other Internet entities that your packets must travel through to get to their destination. If you use traceroute, you'll notice that your packets must travel through many things to get to their destination. Most have long names such as sjc2-core1-h These are Internet routers that decide where to send your packets.

Several routers are shown in Diagram 3, but only a few. Diagram 3 is meant to show a simple network structure. The Internet is much more complex. Internet Infrastructure The Internet backbone is made up of many large networks which interconnect with each other. These networks peer with each other to exchange packet traffic. NAPs were the original Internet interconnect points. Below is a picture showing this hierarchical infrastructure. Diagram 4 This is not a true representation of an actual piece of the Internet.

None of the physical network components are shown in Diagram 4 as they are in Diagram 3. This is because a single NSP's backbone infrastructure is a complex drawing by itself. Most NSPs publish maps of their network infrastructure on their web sites and can be found easily. To draw an actual map of the Internet would be nearly impossible due to it's size, complexity, and ever changing structure. Does every computer connected to the Internet know where the other computers are?

Do packets simply get 'broadcast' to every computer on the Internet? The answer to both the preceeding questions is 'no'.

No computer knows where any of the other computers are, and packets do not get sent to every computer. The information used to get packets to their destinations are contained in routing tables kept by each router connected to the Internet. Routers are packet switches. A router is usually connected between networks to route packets between them. Each router knows about it's sub-networks and which IP addresses they use.

The router usually doesn't know what IP addresses are 'above' it. Examine Diagram 5 below. The black boxes connecting the backbones are routers. Under them are several sub-networks, and under them, more sub-networks. At the bottom are two local area networks with computers attached.

Diagram 5 When a packet arrives at a router, the router examines the IP address put there by the IP protocol layer on the originating computer. The router checks it's routing table.

If the network containing the IP address is found, the packet is sent to that network. If the network containing the IP address is not found, then the router sends the packet on a default route, usually up the backbone hierarchy to the next router. Hopefully the next router will know where to send the packet. If it does not, again the packet is routed upwards until it reaches a NSP backbone. The routers connected to the NSP backbones hold the largest routing tables and here the packet will be routed to the correct backbone, where it will begin its journey 'downward' through smaller and smaller networks until it finds it's destination.

What if the you need to access a web server referred to as www. How does your web browser know where on the Internet this computer lives? The DNS is a distributed database which keeps track of computer's names and their corresponding IP addresses on the Internet. Many computers connected to the Internet host part of the DNS database and the software that allows others to access it. These computers are known as DNS servers. No DNS server contains the entire database; they only contain a subset of it.

The computer requesting a name resolution will be re-directed 'up' the hierarchy until a DNS server is found that can resolve the domain name in the request. Figure 6 illustrates a portion of the hierarchy. At the top of the tree are the domain roots. Some of the older, more common domains are seen near the top. What is not shown are the multitude of DNS servers around the world which form the rest of the hierarchy.

When an Internet connection is setup e. This way, any Internet applications that need domain name resolution will be able to function correctly. For example, when you enter a web address into your web browser, the browser first connects to your primary DNS server. After obtaining the IP address for the domain name you entered, the browser then connects to the target computer and requests the web page you wanted.

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